Category: quantum calculus
Discrete Real Analysis
One dimension I have always also fun teaching single variable calculus. This year, the course site is here. One of the great pioneers in real analysis was Bernard Bolzano. He was not recognized enough during his life but he was one of the first to realize that theorems about continuous …
Graph Complements of Cyclic Graphs
Graph complements of cylic graphs are homotopic to spheres or wedge sums of spheres. Their unit spheres are graph complements of path graphs and have Gauss-Bonnet curvature which converges to a limit.
Energy relation for Wu characteristic
The energy theorem for Euler characteristic X= sum h(x)was to express it as sum g(x,y)of Green function entries. We extend this to Wu characteristic w(G)= sum h(x) h(y) over intersecting sets. The new formula is w(G)=sum w(x) w(y) g(x,y)2, where w(x) =1 for even dimesnional x and w(x)=-1 for odd dimensional x.
Complex energized complexes
The energy theorem for simplicial complexes equipped with a complex energy comes with some surpises.
Geometries and Fields
Being in the process of wrapping up the latest summer calculus course, here are some thoughts about the frame work of calculus and more generally of classical field theories. It is an old theme for me which I think about often while teaching calculus. The question how to make calculus …
Mickey Mouse Sphere Theorem
The Mickey mouse theorem assures that a connected positive curvature graph of positive dimension is a sphere.
Energized Simplicial Complexes
If a set of set is equipped with an energy function, one can define integer matrices for which the determinant, the eigenvalue signs are known. For constant energy the matrix is conjugated to its inverse and defines two isospectral multi-graphs.
The counting matrix of a simplicial complex
The counting matrix of a simplicial complex has determinant 1 and is isospectral to its inverse. The sum of the matrix entries of the inverse is the number of elements in the complex.
Poincare-Hopf and the Clique Problem
The parametrized poincare-hopf theorem allows to see the f-vector of a graph in terms of the f-vector s of parts of the unit spheres of the graph.
Euler Game
We prove that any discrete surface has an Eulerian edge refinement. For a 2-disk, an Eulerian edge refinement is possible if and only if the boundary length is divisible by 3
Interaction cohomology Example
We compute the quadratic interaction cohomology in the simplest case.
Cohomology in six lines
Here is the code to compute a basis of the cohomology groups of an arbitrary simplicial complex. It takes 6 lines in mathematica without any outside libraries. The input is a simplicial complex, the out put is the basis for $H^0,H^1,H^2 etc$. The length of the code compares in complexity …
A Dyadic Riemann hypothesis
When replacing the circle group with the dyadic group of integers, the Riemann zeta function becomes an explicit entire function for which all roots are on the imaginary axes. This is the Dyadic Riemann Hypothesis.
Hearing the shape of a simplicial complex
A finite abstract simplicial complex has a natural connection Laplacian which is unimodular. The energy of the complex is the sum of the Green function entries. We see that the energy is also the number of positive eigenvalues minus the number of negative eigenvalues. One can therefore hear the Euler characteristic. Does the spectrum determine the complex?
Symmetry via Ergodic Theory
One of the attempts to quantize space without losing too much symmetry is ergodic theory. Much of my thesis belongs to this program. It is a flavor of quantum calculus, as “no limits” are involved. The story is closely related to Jacob Feldman, one of my heroes of my graduate …
What is geometry?
In the context of quantum calculus one is interested in discrete structures like graphs or finite abstract simplicial complexes studied primarily in combinatorics or combinatorial topology. Are they geometry? Are they calculus? What is geometry? In MathE320 I try to use the following definition: Geometry is the science of shape, …
Jones Calculus
The mathematics of evolving fields with two complex components is known already in Jones calculus.
A quaternion valued elliptic complex
This blog entry delivers an other example of an elliptic complex which can be used in discrete Atiyah-Singer or Atiyah-Bott type setups as examples. We had seen that when deforming an elliptic complex with an integrable Lax deformation, we get complex elliptic complexes. We had wondered in that blog entry …
Strong Ring of Simplicial Complexes
The strong ring is a category of geometric objects G which are disjoint unions of products of
simplicial complexes. Each has a Dirac operator D and a connection operator L. Both are related in
various ways to topology.
The Dirac operator of Products
Implementing the Dirac operator D for products of simplicial complexes without going to the Barycentric refined simplicial complex has numerical advantages. If G is a finite abstract simplicial complex with n elements and H is a finite abstract simplicial complex with m elements, then is a strong ring element with …
Do Geometry and Calculus have to die?
In the book ‘This Idea Must Die: Scientific Theories That Are Blocking Progress’, there are two entries which caught my eye because they both belong to interests of mine: geometry and calculus. The two articles are provided below. [I believe it is “fair use” as a reprint of these two …
The Hydrogen trace of a complex
Motivated by the Hamiltonian of the Hydrogen atom, we can look at an anlogue operator for finite geometries and study the spectrum. There is an open conjecture about the trace of this operator.
A mass gap in the Barycentric limit
The Barycentric limit of the density of states of the connection Laplacian has a mass gap.
Functional integrals on finite geometries
We look at examples of functional integrals on finite geometries.
The finitist bunker
As Goedel has shown, mathematics can not tame the danger that some inconsistency develops within the system. One can build bunkers but never will be safe. But the danger is not as big as history has shown. Any crisis which developed has been very fruitful and led to new mathematics. (Zeno paradox->calculus, Epimenids paradox ->Goedel, irrationality crisis ->number fields etc.
The Helmholtz Hamiltonian System
As we have an internal energy for simplicial complexes and more generally for every element in the Grothendieck ring of CW complexes we can run a Hamiltonian system on each geometry. The Hamiltonian is the Helmholtz free energy of a quantum wave.
Energy theorem for Grothendieck ring
Energy theorem The energy theorem tells that given a finite abstract simplicial complex G, the connection Laplacian defined by L(x,y)=1 if x and y intersect and L(x,y)=0 else has an inverse g for which the total energy is equal to the Euler characteristic with . The determinant of is the …
Helmholtz free energy for simplicial complexes
Over spring break, the Helmholtz paper [PDF] has finished. (Posted now on “On Helmholtz free energy for finite abstract simplicial complexes”.) As I will have little time during the rest of the semester, it got thrown out now. It is an interesting story, relating to one of the greatest scientist, …
Energy, Entropy and Gibbs free Energy
Energy U and Entropy S are fundamental functionals on a simplicial complex equipped with a probability measure. Gibbs free energy U-S combines them and should lead to interesting minima.
Sphere Spectrum
This is a research in progress note while finding a proof of a conjecture formulated in the unimodularity theorem paper.
Euler and Fredholm
The following picture illustrates the Euler and Fredholm theme in the special case of the prime graphs introduced in the Counting and Cohomology paper. The story there only dealt with the Euler characteristic, an additive valuation (in the sense of Klain and Rota). Since then, the work on the Fredholm …
The Unimodularity Theorem for CW Complexes
The unimodularity theorem equates a fredholm determinant with a product of indices. It originally was formulated for graphs or simplicial complexes. It turns out to be valid for more general structures, generalized cellular complexes. While for discrete CW complexes, the fredholm determinant is 1 or -1, in general it can now take more general values but the structures are also more strange: in the continuum much more general than CW complexes as the attached cells do not need to be bound by spheres but can be rather arbitrary.
Quaternions and Particles
The standard model of particle physics is not so pretty, but it is successful. Many lose ends and major big questions remain: is there a grand unified gauge group? Why are there three generations of particles? Why do neutrini oscillate? How is general relativity included? (See for example page 540 …
Bosonic and Fermionic Calculus
Traditional calculus often mixes up different spaces, mostly due to pedagogical reasons. Its a bit like function overload in programming but there is a prize to be payed and this includes confusions when doing things in the discrete. Here are some examples: while in linear algebra we consider row and …